Personality Scales for Intelligent Adults - Statistics of Deviance factor

© Paul Cooijmans

Introduction

These statistics are from the version of the PSIA that was in use from 2003 to 2007, and was highly similar to the later Revision 2007. The scores are t-scores (mean = 50, σ = 10) normed on an earlier group (partly overlapping this one) so this group may not have an exact mean and σ of 50 and 10. An explanation of the scale can be found through the test's order page.

Explanatory and analytical remarks regarding the interpretation of the statistics are purposely largely avoided, so it is up to the reader to study the report carefully and thus obtain a clear impression of the test's validity — that is, "what it measures". Although the statistics sometimes reveal an almost chilling discriminative power, experience shows that explicitly observing that in a remark tends to evoke negative responses in persons who recognize themselves ("Your remark betrays that your are biased! The test only measures your personal biases!", et cetera).

Scores on PSIA Deviance factor as of 18 February 2023

Contents type: Personality test other than for mental ability.   Period: 2003-2007

24 *
26 *
28 *
29 *
30 ***
31 ***
32 *
33 *******
34 ********
35 *******
36 ********
37 ****************
38 **************
39 ***************
40 ********
41 *********
42 *************************
43 ******************
44 *****************
45 **************
46 ******************
47 ***********************
48 ***************
49 ***********
50 ***********
51 *************
52 ***********
53 ******************
54 **************
55 ******
56 ******
57 *********
58 ******
59 *********
60 ******
61 ***********
62 ******
63 ***
64 ******
65 ****
66 ***
67 **
68 **
69 *
70 *
71 **
72 **
73 **
75 *
76 **
77 *
85 *
94 *

Scores by males

n = 326

24 *
26 *
28 *
29 *
31 **
33 *****
34 *******
35 *****
36 **
37 *************
38 ************
39 ************
40 *****
41 ******
42 *********************
43 ***************
44 ***************
45 **********
46 *****************
47 ********************
48 **************
49 **********
50 *********
51 *********
52 ********
53 ***************
54 *************
55 *****
56 *****
57 *********
58 ******
59 ******
60 ****
61 **********
62 *****
63 ***
64 ******
65 ***
66 *
68 *
69 *
70 *
71 **
72 **
73 **
75 *
76 *
77 *
85 *
94 *

Scores by females

n = 78

30 ***
31 *
32 *
33 **
34 *
35 **
36 ******
37 ***
38 **
39 ***
40 ***
41 ***
42 ****
43 ***
44 **
45 ****
46 *
47 ***
48 *
49 *
50 **
51 ****
52 ***
53 ***
54 *
55 *
56 *
59 ***
60 **
61 *
62 *
65 *
66 **
67 **
68 *
76 *

Correlation of PSIA Deviance factor with other mental ability tests

Test name n r
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the second degree50.79
Combined Numerical and Spatial sections of Test For Genius - Revision 201050.79
Association and Analogies (German)40.78
Numerical section of Test For Genius - Revision 201080.77
G-test (Nikos Lygeros)40.75
916 Test (Laurent Dubois)90.60
Association subtest of Long Test For Genius (Netherlandic)40.60
Analogies #150.59
Letters70.58
Drenth number series40.55
Mega Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)60.46
Qoymans Automatic Test #370.44
Tests by Greg Grove (aggregate)190.43
The Marathon Test60.43
Tests by Ivan Ivec (aggregate)60.42
Cooijmans On-Line Test100.42
The LAW - Letters And Words50.40
Cattell Culture Fair160.40
Short Test For Genius80.39
Daedalus Test50.36
Logima Strictica 24 (Robert Lato)60.36
Odds110.34
Chimera High Ability Riddle Test (Bill Bultas)50.29
Cooijmans On-Line Test - Two-barrelled version80.28
European I.Q. Test70.28
Logima Strictica 36 (Robert Lato)250.27
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 2240.26
Numbers270.24
Numerical Insight Test120.23
Scholastic Aptitude Test (old)90.20
Non-Verbal Cognitive Performance Examination (Xavier Jouve)350.16
Reason Behind Multiple-Choice170.14
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the first degree40.11
KIT Intelligence Test - first attempts110.10
Cito-toets80.08
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #5130.08
Genius Association Test450.07
Reason200.06
Scholastic Aptitude Test (new)50.06
Cartoons of Shock130.06
The Nemesis Test100.06
The Final Test370.06
Strict Logic Spatial Exam 48 (Jonathan Wai)90.05
Omega Contemplative Items Pool (Tommy Smith)60.04
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 1130.04
Epiq Tests (aggregate)140.04
Verbal section of The Marathon Test60.03
Analogies of Long Test For Genius300.03
Verbal section of Test For Genius - Revision 2004330.03
American College Testing program100.02
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (raw)100.02
Space, Time, and Hyperspace470.02
Graduate Record Examination70.02
Long Test For Genius250.00
Spatial section of The Marathon Test9-0.01
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 45-0.01
Spatial Insight Test23-0.01
Unknown and miscellaneous tests84-0.01
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #4108-0.03
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #368-0.03
Culture Fair Numerical Spatial Examination - Final version (Etienne Forsström)16-0.04
International High IQ Society tests (aggregate)33-0.05
Words8-0.05
Lieshout International Mesospheric Intelligence Test27-0.05
Sigma Test (Melão Hindemburg)17-0.05
Strict Logic Sequences Exam I (Jonathan Wai)34-0.06
Isis Test17-0.06
Evens7-0.07
A Paranoiac's Torture: Intelligence Test Utilizing Diabolic Exactitude6-0.07
Association subtest of Long Test For Genius35-0.09
The Hammer Of Test-Hungry - Revision 20135-0.11
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales19-0.11
Narcissus' last stand5-0.11
Reflections In Peroxide5-0.11
Associative LIMIT14-0.13
Titan Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)9-0.13
The Sargasso Test14-0.13
Test For Genius - Revision 200432-0.16
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #212-0.16
Numerical and spatial sections of The Marathon Test9-0.16
Bonsai Test13-0.22
Spatial section of Test For Genius - Revision 200435-0.22
Gliaweb Riddled Intelligence Test - Revision 20115-0.22
The Test To End All Tests23-0.23
Reason Behind Multiple-Choice - Revision 200813-0.23
Test of the Beheaded Man10-0.25
Test of Shock and Awe14-0.26
Miller Analogies Test (raw; old version)5-0.26
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #111-0.27
Cattell Verbal (also known as Cattell B)5-0.31
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (I.Q.)10-0.32
Numerical section of The Marathon Test9-0.32
Test of Inductive Reasoning / J.C.T.I. (Xavier Jouve)13-0.34
Strict Logic Sequences Exam II (Jonathan Wai)7-0.38
Reason - Revision 200813-0.40
Qoymans Automatic Test #29-0.44
Qoymans Automatic Test #110-0.46
Advanced Intelligence Test (Randy Myers)4-0.48
Tests by Nicolas Elenas (aggregate)8-0.49
The Bonsai Test - Revision 20165-0.49
Gliaweb Riddled Intelligence Test (old version)5-0.50
Ultra Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)5-0.52
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 311-0.54
The Final Test - Revision 20135-0.55
Psychometric Qrosswords7-0.73
Low Countries Aptitude Test5-0.77
Tests by Nikolaos Soulios (aggregate)4-0.83
W-87 (International Society for Philosophical Enquiry)7-0.85
Queendom Culture Fair4-0.85
Analogies subtest of Long Test For Genius (Netherlandic)4-0.90
Tests by Jason Betts (aggregate)4-0.98
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the third degree5-0.98

Weighted average of correlations: -0.010 (N = 1614)

Estimated g factor loading: -0.10

Ranking in above table is based on the unrounded correlations. All available data is present in this table, no tests are left out except for those with less than 4 score pairs. All known pairs are used, including possible floor/ceiling scores or outliers.

Correlation of PSIA Deviance factor with other tests - for females

Test name n r
(53) Qoymans Multiple-Choice #360.41
(80) Qoymans Multiple-Choice #412-0.08
(242) Unknown and miscellaneous tests5-0.38

Weighted average of correlations: -0.017 (N = 23)

Estimated g factor loading among females: -0.13

Ranking in above table is based on the unrounded correlations. All available data is present in this table, no tests are left out except for those with less than 4 score pairs. All known pairs are used, including possible floor/ceiling scores or outliers.

Estimated loadings of PSIA Deviance factor on particular item types

These are estimated g factor loadings, but against homogeneous tests (containing only particular item types) as opposed to non-compound heterogeneous tests. Although tending to surprise the lay person, it is not uncommon for tests to have high loadings on item types they do not actually contain themselves. Such loadings reflect the empirical fact that most tests for mental abilities measure primarily g, regardless of their contents; that the major part of test score variance is caused by g, and only a minor part by factors germane to particular item types. It is of key importance to understand that this is a fact of nature, a natural phenomenon, and not something that was built into the tests by the test constructors.

Typeng loading of PSIA Deviance factor on that type
Verbal480-0.12
Numerical1120.38
Spatial160-0.22
Logical61-0.20
Heterogeneous325-0.15

N = 1138

Compound tests have been left out of this table to avoid overlap.

Balanced g loading = -0.06

National means for PSIA Deviance factor

Country n mean score
Poland557.00
Italy454.25
Austria353.67
Mexico553.40
South_Africa452.50
Brazil852.13
Canada1551.80
Norway751.00
United_States13050.56
France449.75
Sweden2147.57
Turkey447.00
China346.67
Israel546.60
Germany1946.32
United_Kingdom1846.11
India1646.06
Spain645.17
Netherlands5444.52
Finland844.50
Korea_South344.33
Belgium1143.91
Denmark443.25
Greece443.25
Australia642.17
Yugoslavia537.80

For reasons of privacy, only countries with 3 or more candidates are included in this table. Ranking is based on the unrounded means, and then alphabetic.

Correlation with national I.Q.'s of PSIA Deviance factor

Correlation of this test with national average I.Q.'s published by Lynn and Vanhanen:

Correlation of PSIA Deviance factor with personal details

Personalia n r
PSIA Aspergoid2950.87
PSIA Rare2950.85
PSIA Introverted2950.83
Gifted Adult's Inventory of Aspergerisms320.72
PSIA Neurotic2950.57
PSIA Extreme2950.42
Observed associative horizon140.41
Disorders (own)4010.37
PSIA Antisocial2950.35
Disorders (parents and siblings)4000.26
PSIA Cold2950.24
PSIA System factor1560.24
PSIA True2950.22
Year of birth4010.20
PSIA Just2950.17
PSIA Ethics factor4040.11
Father's educational level3820.11
Observed behaviour300.09
Sex4040.09
Mother's educational level3840.08
PSIA Cruel2950.06
PSIA Rational2950.03
PSIA Orderly295-0.11
Educational level401-0.21
Cooijmans Inventory of Neo-Marxist Attitudes10-0.44

Correlation with personal details of PSIA Deviance factor - within females

Personalia n r
PSIA Aspergoid570.88
PSIA Rare570.85
PSIA Introverted570.85
PSIA Neurotic570.72
Disorders (own)760.52
PSIA Extreme570.38
Disorders (parents and siblings)750.36
PSIA Antisocial570.34
PSIA True570.23
Father's educational level680.22
Mother's educational level670.21
PSIA Ethics factor780.13
PSIA Cold570.12
PSIA System factor310.12
PSIA Cruel570.00
Year of birth76-0.02
PSIA Just57-0.08
Educational level76-0.10
PSIA Orderly57-0.11
PSIA Rational57-0.12

Correlation with personal details of PSIA Deviance factor - within males

Personalia n r
PSIA Aspergoid2380.87
PSIA Rare2380.84
PSIA Introverted2380.83
Gifted Adult's Inventory of Aspergerisms290.70
PSIA Neurotic2380.56
PSIA Extreme2380.44
Observed associative horizon120.38
PSIA Antisocial2380.35
Disorders (own)3250.34
PSIA System factor1250.27
PSIA Cold2380.26
Year of birth3250.26
Disorders (parents and siblings)3250.25
PSIA Just2380.22
PSIA True2380.21
PSIA Ethics factor3260.11
Father's educational level3140.08
Observed behaviour270.08
PSIA Cruel2380.06
Mother's educational level3170.05
PSIA Rational2380.04
PSIA Orderly238-0.11
Educational level325-0.25
Cooijmans Inventory of Neo-Marxist Attitudes9-0.62

Estimated g factor loadings for restricted ranges

In parentheses the number of score pairs on which that estimated g factor loading is based. The goal of this is to verify the hypothesis that g becomes less important, accounts for a smaller proportion of the variance, at higher I.Q. levels. The mere fact of restricting the range like this also depresses the g loading compared to computing it over the test's full range, so it would be normal for these values to be lower than the test's full-range g loading.

Below 1st quartile0.50 (290)
Below median0.44 (784)
Above median-0.37 (824)
Above 3rd quartile-0.39 (398)

The lower part of this scale correlates positively with g; higher up this becomes negative. The higher levels of deviance apparently do not go well with intelligence.